| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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Presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 3 October 2010 for both the Federal government and the two entities.[1]
Voters elected 42 deputies to the State House of Representatives.[2] In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), 98 deputies to its House of Representatives, two representatives (one Bosniak, one Croat) to the tripartite state presidency and ten cantonal assemblies were elected.[2] In Republika Srpska (RS), 83 deputies to its National Assembly, the Serb representative of the tripartite state presidency, one RS president and two RS vice-presidents were elected.[2] There were 39 political parties, 11 coalitions, and 13 independent candidates.[3]
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After the Bosnian War and the Dayton Accords that ended the war, the constitution set out, in Article V, a tripartite rotational presidency between the Bosniak, Croat and Serb entities. Each president serves a four-year term, with the chairman of the presidential council rotation every 8 months, with the first president being the one with most votes in the election.[4]
There are three candidates for the Bosniak member of the Presidency: the incumbent Haris Silajdžić, of Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the owner of Dnevni Avaz Fahrudin Radončić, of Union for a Better Future of BiH and Bakir Izetbegović of the Party of Democratic Action and the son of Alija Izetbegović, the founding president of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[5]
The Croat candidate was: incumbent Željko Komšić from Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who was elected in 2006 when large numbers of Bosniaks voted for him rather than voting for a Bosniak candidate.[5]
The Serb candidate was: incumbent Nebojša Radmanović of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, who was expected to win.[5]
Following the International Court of Justice's opinion that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate international law Republika Srpska's Prime Minister Milorad Dodik said there would be repercussions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the issue would be discussed in depth after the elections.[6] During his campaign Dodik reiterated support for the secession of Republika Srpska from Bosnia and Herzegovina and denied that the massacre in Srebrenica constituted a genocide.[7] Boris Tadić, president of Serbia, expressed his support for Dodik, Tadić stated that he was "here to support my friends who run RS in the best possible way".[8][9] He was later criticised by the SDA for supporting "a man who openly denies genocide in Srebrenica and calls for secession of Republika Srpska."[8]
The Croat and Bosniak candidates were "strong supporters of a unified Bosnia," while Serb candidate advocated the separation of the Bosnian Serbs entity from the rest of the country.[10] Dodik asserted that "Only the Serb Republic is self-sustaining, Bosnia-Herzegovina is not." He had a "strategic partnership" with the Croat nationalist Dragan Čović to support each others' calls for greater independence or autonomy as the Croatian side advocated. The Bosniaks, however, said would fight for a united Bosnia, and sought a stronger federal government - a key condition for European Union membership.[11]
These polls were described as the most crucial since the civil war as a lot of campaigning focused on ethnic nationalism and voting for candidates of the same ethnicity. One political analyst, compared this campaign to that of 1990, before the partition of Yugoslavia, when Bosnia had the choice of becoming a part of greater Serbia or an independent multi-ethnic country pointed out that "for exactly 20 years we have been spinning around in the same political pattern."[4]
The official campaign started on September 3, and lasted for next 30 days. Hate speech in the election campaign in BiH has become a normal occurrence. Because of that, Central Election Commission announced that they will not tolerate any form of hate speech.[12] Nervousness of political parties was manifested through the violation of the Election Law of BiH,[12] and particularly through the manipulation of so-called public opinion research and publication in the form of paid advertising. The first phase of the media war waged mainly through portals and news releases.
The campaign was significant because politicians were allowed to "use all their weapons" in publicity. Experts stated that this campaign was something new in Bosnia and Herzegovina because it was creative as opposed to the earlier campaigns.[12]
Opinion polls suggested Dodik's "Alliance of Independent Social Democrats" would remain the largest Serb party, as well as the country as a whole. The "Social Democratic Party" of Zlatko Lagumdžija would be the largest party in the federation, followed by the "Party of Democratic Action."[11]
An analyst at the "Why not?" NGO in Sarajevo suggested the elections importance was because "change will finally happen [...] because the ones who are in power now have proved they are not capable of leading the country and bringing the necessary reforms. Civil society has been very active about these elections and we hope this will have an impact." She said that if there were changes in the establishment ethnic relations would not be as tense.[11] An August 2010 survey of 2,000 respondents by the National Democratic Institute. suggested that voters on both sides are tired of nationalist rhetoric and pessimistic about the future of Bosnia.[13] 87 percent felt that nationalist parties are leading the country in the wrong direction.[13] Respondents said politicians discussed nationalist issues too much, while employment and economic issues were not discussed enough.[13] They thought that the biggest issue was unemployment, followed by corruption and crime.[13]
In total, 3,126,599 citizens registered to vote.[2] There were 5,276 polling centres: 4,981 regular, 145 for voting in absentia, 143 for voting in person and 7 at Bosnian embassies abroad.[3] There were also 1,200 observers, including 485 international observers.[11]
The Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina ordered a recount of 66,138 votes that were declared void.[14] This could change the victory of Nebojša Radmanović, candidate of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), who won the Serb seat of the central presidency by a narrow margin of 9,697.[14] Mladen Ivanić of the Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) lost by less than two percent.[14]
One President was elected to represent each of the country's three constitutional peoples: Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. In Republika Srpska voters were given a ballot for the Serb member of the presidency. In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina voters were given a ballot for both Bosniak and Croat candidates, but only a single candidate could be chosen. People residing in the Brčko District can choose to participate in either the Federation or Republika Srpska elections.[15]
| Candidates | Nominating parties | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Republika Srpska | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | Bosniak list % |
Croat list % |
Votes | Serb list % |
||
| Željko Komšić (Croat) | SDP BiH | 336,961 | 60.6% | |||
| Borjana Krišto (Croat) | HDZ BiH | 109,714 | 19.7% | |||
| Martin Raguž (Croat) | Croatian Coalition (HDZ 1990, HSP BiH) | 60,234 | 10.8% | |||
| Jerko Ivanković-Lijanović (Croat) | NSRB | 45,382 | 8.2% | |||
| Pero Galić (Croat) | 1,579 | 0.3% | ||||
| Mile Kutle (Croat) | 1,069 | 0.2% | ||||
| Ferdo Galić (Croat) | 972 | 0.2% | ||||
| Bakir Izetbegović (Bosniak) | SDA | 162,797 | 34.9% | |||
| Fahrudin Radončić (Bosniak) | SBB BiH | 142,359 | 30.5% | |||
| Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak) | SBiH | 117,168 | 25.1% | : | ||
| Ibrahim Đedović (Bosniak) | DNZ BiH | 13,366 | 2.9% | |||
| Mujo Demirović (Bosniak) | BPS | 8,946 | 1.9% | |||
| Ðemal Latić (Bosniak) | A-SDA | 8,738 | 1.9% | |||
| Ibrahim Spahić (Bosniak) | GDS | 6,947 | 1.5% | |||
| Izudin Kešetović (Bosniak) | BOSS | 4,227 | 0.9% | |||
| Aida Jusić (Bosniak) | 2,347 | 0.5% | ||||
| Nebojša Radmanović (Serb) | SNSD | 295,624 | 48.9% | |||
| Mladen Ivanić (Serb) | Coalition Together for Srpska | 285,927 | 47.3% | |||
| Rajko Papović (Serb) | Union for a Democratic Srpska/SDS | 22,778 | 3.8% | |||
| Total | 1,022,806 | 604,329 | ||||
| Source: Adam Carr's Election Archive, Izbori.ba | ||||||
The new Parliamentary Assembly includes:
According to the constitution, the representatives from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are allocated 28 seats, while the representatives from the Republika Srpska have 14 seats. There are 42 seats in total. District Brčko is unrepresented in the B-H parliament, not participating in elections.
| Parties | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Republika Srpska | Total votes | Total | +/- | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP BiH) | 265,952 | 26.07 | 8 | 18,406 | 2.96 | 0 | 284,358 | 8 | +3 |
| Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) | 8,810 | 0.86 | 0 | 269,007 | 43.30 | 8 | 277,817 | 8 | +1 |
| Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 197,890 | 19.40 | 7 | 16,371 | 2.64 | 0 | 214,261 | 7 | –2 |
| Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) | — | — | — | 137,843 | 22.19 | 4 | 137,843 | 4 | +1 |
| Union for a Better Future of BiH (SBB BiH) | 124,076 | 12.16 | 4 | 6,329 | 2.03 | 0 | 130,405 | 4 | +4 |
| Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) | 112,067 | 10.99 | 3 | 2,361 | 0.38 | 0 | 114,428 | 3 | 0 |
| Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SBiH) | 73,946 | 7.25 | 2 | 12,640 | 2.03 | 0 | 86,586 | 2 | –6 |
| Croatian Coalition HDZ 1990-HSP BiH | 49,524 | 4.86 | 2 | 522 | 0.08 | 0 | 50,046 | 2 | 0 |
| People's Party Work for Betterment (NSRzB) | 49,039 | 4.81 | 1 | — | — | — | 43,039 | 1 | 0 |
| Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) | — | — | — | 40,070 | 6.45 | 1 | 40,070 | 1 | 0 |
| Democratic People's Alliance (DNS) | 1,147 | 0.11 | 0 | 28,511 | 4.59 | 1 | 29,658 | 1 | 0 |
| Democratic People's Community (DNZ) | 14,839 | 1.45 | 1 | — | — | — | 14,839 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 1,019,973 | 100.00 | 28 | 621,227 | 100.00 | 14 | 1,641,200 | 42 | |
The elected representatives were:
The 15 members of the House of Peoples will be elected in entities' Parliaments - 10 members by the House of Representatives of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (5 Bosniaks and 5 Croats); and 5 members by the National Assembly of the Republika Srpska.
On the entity level, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska will elect new governments.
In the Federation this includes:
Final Results of the 2010 general election; only parties which have won mandates are listed:
| Party | Votes | % | Direct mandates |
Compensated mandates |
Total | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP BiH) | 251,053 | 24.53 | 20 | 8 | 28 | +11 |
| Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 206,926 | 20.22 | 17 | 6 | 23 | -5 |
| Union for a Better Future of BiH (SBB BiH) | 121,697 | 11.89 | 11 | 2 | 13 | +13 |
| Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) | 108,943 | 10.64 | 10 | 2 | 12 | +4 |
| Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina | 78,086 | 7.63 | 8 | 1 | 9 | -15 |
| People's Party Work for Betterment | 48,286 | 4.72 | 0 | 5 | 5 | +2 |
| Croatian Democratic Union 1990 Croatian Party of Rights |
47,941 | 4.68 | 4 | 1 | 5 | -3 |
| Valid votes | 1,023,529 | |||||
| Invalid votes | 74,542 | |||||
| Total (turnout %) | ||||||
| Source: Izbori.ba | ||||||
In the Republika Srpska, the government is made up of:
The election for President and Vice-Presidents is held concurrently. The candidate with the most votes is elected to the presidency, while the Bosniak and Croat with the largest number of votes are elected to the vice-presidency.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Milorad Dodik | SNSD - Alliance of Independent Social Democrats | 319,615 | 50.52 |
| Ognjen Tadić | Coalition Together for Srpska | 227,239 | 35.92 |
| Enes Suljkanović (Bosniak) |
Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP BiH) | 15,419 | 2.44 |
| Ševket Hafizović (Bosniak) |
Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 14,836 | 2.35 |
| Muharem Murselović (Bosniak) |
Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina | 14,154 | 2.24 |
| Dragan Đurđević | Serbian Radical Party of the Republika Srpska | 8,178 | 1.29 |
| Emil Vlajki (Croat) |
People's Democratic Party | 6,101 | 0.96 |
| Sadmir Nukić (Bosniak) | Union for a Better Future of BiH | 5,558 | 0.88 |
| Ivan Krndelj (Croat) | HSS - NHI | 5,487 | 0.87 |
| Ivo Kamenjašević (Croat) |
Croatian Democratic Union | 4,128 | 0.65 |
| Valid votes | |||
| Invalid votes | |||
| Total (turnout %) | |||
| Source: Izbori.ba | |||
All 289 seats in the assemblies of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were up for election (Bosnian: skupština kantona, Croatian: sabor županije, Serbian: скупштина кантона).
| Party | USK |
% | ŽP |
% | TK |
% | ZDK |
% | BPK |
% | SBK ŽSB |
% | HNK ŽHN |
% | ZHŽ |
% | KS |
% | K10 |
% | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 21,104 | 23.38 | 1,602 | 10,29 | 45,058 | 24,68 | 35,144 | 25.00 | 2,509 | 22.90 | 16,285 | 17.33 | 9,927 | 14.85 | 0 | 0 | 31,459 | 17.82 | 1,130 | 4.72 | 164,218 | |
| Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Za BiH) | 7,280 | 8.07 | 452 | 2.92 | 14,995 | 8.21 | 12,055 | 8.57 | 1628 | 14.86 | 6,621 | 7.05 | 2,634 | 3.94 | 0 | 0 | 18,213 | 10.32 | 213 | 0.89 | 64,091 | |
| Social Democratic Party (SDP) | 20,902 | 23.16 | 816 | 5.24 | 56,188 | 30.77 | 35,724 | 25.41 | 2,682 | 24.48 | 16,764 | 17.84 | 9,005 | 13.47 | 252 | 0.74 | 42,692 | 24.19 | 990 | 4.13 | 186,015 | |
| Party of Democratic Activities (A-sda) | 11,019 | 12.21 | 0 | 0 | 4,303 | 2.36 | 1,822 | 1.30 | 201 | 1.83 | 555 | 0.59 | 60 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 1,726 | 0.98 | 0 | 0 | 19,686 | |
| Union for a Better Future of BiH (SBB BiH) | 6,438 | 7.13 | 512 | 3.29 | 19,088 | 10.45 | 18,110 | 12.88 | 1,383 | 12.62 | 12,207 | 12.99 | 4,953 | 7.41 | 0 | 0 | 30,619 | 17.35 | 304 | 1.27 | 93,614 | |
| Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH) | 591 | 0.65 | 6,413 | 41.19 | 5,627 | 3.08 | 7,330 | 5.21 | 0 | 0 | 20,417 | 21.73 | 22,623 | 33.83 | 17,526 | 51.65 | 1,846 | 1.05 | 6,247 | 26.09 | 88,620 | |
| Liberal Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (LDS) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 369 | 0.26 | 33 | 0.30 | 157 | 0.17 | 63 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 1,536 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 | 2,518 | |
| Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990) | 527 | 0.58 | 3425 | 22.00 | 303 | 0.17 | 2,181 | 1.55 | 0 | 0 | 6,633 | 7.06 | 8,324 | 12.45 | 5,211 | 15.36 | 578 | 0.33 | 3,080 | 12.86 | 30,262 | |
| Croatian Party of Right (HSP BiH) | 7 | 0.01 | 454 | 2.92 | * | * | * | * | 0 | 0 | * | * | 3,235 | 4.84 | 4,358 | 12.84 | * | * | 2,284 | 9.54 | 10,338* | |
| Croatian Peasant Party – New Croatian Initiative (HSS - NHI) | 0 | 0 | 606 | 3.89 | 135 | 0.07 | 503 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 2,914 | 3.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 243 | 0.14 | 1,217 | 5.08 | 5,618 | |
| People's Party Work for Betterment | 4837 | 5.36 | 336 | 2.16 | 8,980 | 4.92 | 9,059 | 6.44 | 1,085 | 9.90 | 5,710 | 6.08 | 2,262 | 3.38 | 3,883 | 11.44 | 5,549 | 3.14 | 2,264 | 9.46 | 43,965 | |
| Democratic People's Alliance (DNS) | 90 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,205 | 5.03 | 1,360 | |
| Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilović (BPS) | 857 | 0.95 | 0 | 0 | 6,764 | 3.70 | 4,825 | 3.43 | 705 | 6.44 | 1,508 | 1.60 | 1,148 | 1.72 | 0 | 0 | 8,509 | 4.82 | 0 | 0 | 24,316 | |
| Democratic People's Community | 11,844 | 13.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 250 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.01 | 7 | 0.02 | 196 | 0.11 | 32 | 0.13 | 12,334 | |
| Pensioners' Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 655 | 0.73 | 60 | 0.39 | 1,674 | 0.92 | 2,912 | 2.07 | 145 | 1.32 | 924 | 0.98 | 524 | 0.78 | 458 | 1.35 | 3,095 | 1.75 | 0 | 0 | 10,447 | |
| Our Party (NS) | 980 | 1.09 | 35 | 0.22 | 2,500 | 1.37 | 1,493 | 1.06 | 69 | 0.63 | 788 | 0.84 | 179 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | 8,385 | 4.75 | 74 | 0.31 | 14,503 | |
| Bosnian Party (BOSS) | 314 | 0.35 | 46 | 0.30 | 4,429 | 2.43 | 1,968 | 1.40 | 255 | 2.33 | 1,199 | 1.28 | 200 | 0.30 | 0 | 0 | 6,247 | 3.54 | 0 | 0 | 14,658 | |
| Social Democratic Union (SDU BiH) | 889 | 0.98 | 0 | 0 | 4,501 | 2.47 | 164 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 362 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6,019 | 3.41 | 89 | 0.37 | 12,024 | |
| Union of Independent Social Democrats | 1,012 | 1.12 | 0 | 0 | 450 | 0.25 | 310 | 0.22 | 130 | 1.19 | 166 | 0.18 | 794 | 1.19 | 0 | 0 | 1,641 | 0.93 | 3,089 | 12.90 | 7,592 | |
| Others | 914 | 1.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Source - Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Party | USK |
ŽP |
TK |
ZDK |
BPK |
SBK ŽSB |
HNK ŽHN |
ZHŽ |
KS |
K10 |
Total | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 7 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 5 | - | 7 | 2 | 55 | -19 | |
| Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Za BiH) | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | - | 23 | -36 | |
| Social Democratic Party (SDP) | 8 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 5 | - | 10 | 1 | 61 | +18 | |
| Union for a Better Future of BiH (SBB BiH) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | - | 7 | - | 29 | - | |
| Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ/HNZ/HSP) | - | 8 | 1 | 2 | - | 7 | 10 | 13 | - | 7 | 48 | +12 | |
| Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ1990) | - | 5 | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | 4 | 18 | -11 | |
| Croatian Party of Right/New Croatian Initiative | - | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | 4 | 11 | -3 | |
| People's Party Work for Betterment | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 20 | +10 | |
| Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilović (BPS) | - | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 7 | -1 | |
| Democratic People's Community | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | -2 | |
| Bosnian Party/Social Democratic Union (BOSS/SDU) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | -3 | |
| Union of Independent Social Democrats | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | -2 | |
| Stranka Demokratske Aktivnosti A-SDA | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | ? | |
| Posavska Stranka | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | ? | |
| Our Party | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | ? | |
| Democratic People's Alliance | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | ? | |
| Total | 30 | 21 | 35 | 35 | 25 | 30 | 30 | 23 | 35 | 25 |
Štefan Füle, European commissioner for enlargement and neighbourhood policy, urged Bosnian politicians to speed up the establishment of State and Entity governments using the EU agenda as a negotiation base for coalition building. Füle underlined the need for constitutional amendments to ensure compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights and improve governance, for a new Census Law to provide reliable statistical data, and for the establishment of an independent state aid authority.[16]
The US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Bosnia and Herzegovina a week after the elections in an effort to push for political reforms to fully integration the entry into both the European Union and NATO. She also called for unity and criticised threats of secession of Srpska made by Milorad Dodik.[17] A US diplomat in Europe said he thought the reforms are necessary and that "the Bosnians need to follow up. The rest of the region is moving towards Europe, and Bosnia is going to have to overcome these ethnic divisions [...] if they want to go down this path."[18]
In the international media, the election was read as seeing the country "still mired in political deadlock and ethnic rivalry," because of a continued political stalemate that leaves the unique tripartite presidency split over the future of the country. This also meant a likelihood of a delayed economic recovery and the accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union.[19]
The re-election of Željko Komšić (SDP) as the Croat member of the presidency has widely been attributed to Bosniaks choosing to vote on the Croat list.[20][21][22]
The Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina of Zlatko Lagumdzija appeared to be the biggest winner of the election, while the Party of Democratic Action contained their expected losses, while the Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina of Haris Silajdzic lost ground. The Party of Independent Social Democrats of Milorad Dodik strengthened its presence in both Republika Srpska and at state level. None of the newly established parties, with the exception of Fahrudin Radončić's Union for a Better Future of BiH were able to pass the threshold and gain seats in either of the parliamentary bodies.[16] Two blocs can therefore be noticed at state level: the Party of Independent Social Democrats|SNSD and Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina on one side and the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Party of Democratic Action on the other. The negotiations to form a new government at both Federation and State level are expected to take some time.[16]
In Republika Srpska Dodik secured a stable majority, and his election as Entity President will likely signal a trend of presidentialisation of Srpska's political system, in line with what happened in Serbia after Tadic's presidential election.[16]
At the federal level, the formation of government is currently ongoing. There are two major coalitions which have been formed since the election: Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Party of Democratic Action, Croatian Party of Rights and People's Party Work for Betterment; and a looser grouping of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party, Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatian Democratic Union-1990. Neither group has a parliamentary majority, nor do they have full representation from the three constitutional peoples.
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